Science Organisms & Life Processes Conceptual 12–14 yrs

Pathogens & the Immune System

病原体与免疫系统

Description

Explain how pathogens (bacteria, viruses, and fungi) cause disease and describe how the immune system responds, including the roles of white blood cells (phagocytosis, antibody production) and the concept of immunity

Mastery Evidence

✓ Distinguishes between bacteria, viruses, and fungi as pathogens with examples of each
✓ Explains two ways white blood cells destroy pathogens (engulfing and antibodies)
✓ Explains how vaccination works and why it prevents disease
✓ Explains the difference between being infected and being ill

Assessment Prompt

If your child got a cold, could they explain what type of pathogen caused it, how the immune system tries to fight it off, and why a vaccine for flu won't protect you from all colds?